If you’re starting a new build, renovation, or furniture project, understanding the different types of timber is key to getting the best result. Not all timber is created equal — some are dense and durable, others are light and flexible. Each type has its own story, strengths, and applications.
In this guide, we’ll walk you through how to identify timber, the most popular Australian hardwoods, and how to choose the right one for your needs — whether you’re decking out an outdoor space, building furniture, or selecting statement timber dining tables.
Why knowing your timber matters
Choosing the wrong type of timber can lead to unexpected warping, cracking, insect damage or premature ageing. For example, using a soft timber for a high-traffic area like a dining table could mean scratches and dents appear within weeks.
On the flip side, the right timber will match your design goals, handle the wear and tear of daily use, and add enduring value to your home. That’s why knowing the different types of timber — and what they’re best suited to — is so important.
How to identify different types of timber
Identifying timber starts with observing its physical features. Whether you’re at a timber yard or restoring a piece of old furniture, use these four clues to get a good idea of the species.
1. Colour and grain pattern
Timber can range from pale honey to deep reds and even chocolate browns. Grain patterns also vary — some are straight and uniform, others are wavy, curly, or interlocked.
- Tasmanian Oak timber is light with a straight grain.
- Jarrah furniture has a rich, red-brown colour and tight grain.
- Blackwood timber can feature stunning colour variation and shimmering grain.
2. Weight and density
Hardwoods are denser than softwoods. Pick up a piece — if it feels surprisingly heavy, it’s likely a dense timber like Ironbark or Spotted Gum. These are typically used for structural purposes or heavy-use surfaces.
3. End grain and growth rings
Tightly packed growth rings often indicate slower growth and higher durability. The end grain can also tell you if the timber was plain-sawn or quarter-sawn, affecting both aesthetics and stability.
4. Smell and texture
Some timbers have a distinct scent (like the aromatic Cypress Pine) or a noticeably smooth or coarse texture, which can further help identify the species.
Common types of timber and their uses
Let’s break down the most popular Australian hardwoods and softwoods — each with its own character and ideal application.
Jarrah – the timeless performer
- Best for: Decking, structural frames, timber furniture
- Why choose it: Naturally resistant to moisture, insects, and rot
- Fun fact: Its deep red tones age beautifully over time, making it a favourite for timber dining tables
Tasmanian Oak – versatile and easy to work with
- Best for: Flooring, cabinetry, furniture
- Why choose it: Light colour, takes stain well, cost-effective
- Use case: A popular choice for modern interiors and DIY projects
Blackwood – the elegant statement
- Best for: Feature furniture, instruments, panelling
- Why choose it: Striking grain, rich colours, easy to polish
- Pro tip: Works beautifully for detailed pieces like cabinets or bespoke tables
Marri – rustic with personality
- Best for: Statement furniture, benchtops
- Why choose it: Unique gum veins and character-filled grain
- Explore: Marri timber furniture for bold, earthy charm
Spotted Gum – strong and weather-resistant
- Best for: Outdoor decks, screening, cladding
- Why choose it: High durability and dense grain
- Notable feature: Variegated colouring and minimal shrinkage
Ironbark – for high-stress environments
- Best for: Railway sleepers, bridges, heavy-duty flooring
- Why choose it: Exceptionally hard and long-lasting
- Word of caution: Difficult to cut and shape without industrial tools
Cypress Pine – naturally pest-resistant
- Best for: Outdoor furniture, fencing
- Why choose it: Naturally termite-resistant and aromatic
- Bonus: Pale golden hues give it a gentle, rustic appearance
Victorian Ash – lightweight but tough
- Best for: Flooring, furniture, staircases
- Why choose it: Great strength-to-weight ratio, smooth finish
- Style tip: Its consistent grain makes it ideal for minimalist interiors
How to choose the right timber for your project
Matching timber to purpose ensures long-term success and less maintenance. Here’s how to pair the right wood with the right job.
For furniture and joinery
- Go for: Jarrah furniture, Blackwood timber, Marri timber furniture
- Why: Strong yet beautiful, takes polish well, and ages with grace
For flooring and high-impact interiors
- Best options: Tasmanian Oak, Victorian Ash
- Why: Stable, uniform appearance, easy to maintain
For outdoor projects
- Use: Jarrah, Spotted Gum, Ironbark
- Why: All offer high durability, moisture resistance, and are ideal for Aussie climates
For budget-friendly or DIY projects
- Consider: Cypress Pine or Tasmanian Oak
- Why: Easier to work with and widely available
Mistakes to avoid when choosing timber
Even seasoned renovators can misstep. Here are common pitfalls:
- Choosing aesthetics over function: A soft, beautiful timber might not survive harsh weather outdoors.
- Skipping maintenance research: Some timbers, like Jarrah, require regular oiling or sealing.
- Ignoring compatibility with finishes: Not all woods take stain or lacquer the same way.
- Overlooking grain consistency: Bold grain can overpower delicate designs.
Tips for getting the most out of your timber
- Acclimatise your timber: Let wood adjust to indoor humidity before installation.
- Seal end grains: Ends are more absorbent and prone to cracking.
- Finish correctly: Whether you oil, wax, or seal, use a finish suited to that timber species.
- Store properly: Timber should be stored flat and dry, out of direct sunlight.
Ready to build with timber? Let Jarrimber help
Whether you’re crafting a show-stopping dining table or searching for the perfect material for your next outdoor project, understanding the different types of timber makes all the difference. From Jarrah furniture to Blackwood timber, we only use premium, sustainably sourced hardwoods that are built to last.
Looking for advice? Our team can guide you through the options and match the right timber to your project goals. Explore our timber dining tables or contact us to start your journey with timber that performs beautifully and want the guide for yourself? Download our guide: The Wood Identification Guide: Identify Types of Timber.
